Stalin's Niños: Educating Spanish Civil War Refugee Children in the Soviet Union, 1937-1951

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Created by: Qualls, Karl D.
Last Updated: 2023-02-24

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This collection has been designed to be a visual complement to Stalin’s Niños, which examines how the Soviet Union raised and educated nearly 3,000 child refugees of the Spanish Civil War. It includes photographs of daily life, charts and graphs created from archival data, and a series of maps (and the accompanying GIS data) to visualize the Spaniards’ home regions, places of displacement from the Spanish Civil War to the USSR, internal evacuation after the Nazi invasion of the USSR, and places of death during the Second World War. Stalin’s Niños is an analysis of the archival record and numerous letters, oral histories, and memoirs and argues that this little-known story exemplifies the Soviet transformation of children into future builders of communism and illuminates the educational techniques shared with other modern states. Classroom education taught patriotism for the two homelands and the importance of emulating Spanish and Soviet heroes, scientists, soldiers, and artists. Extra-curricular clubs and activities reinforced classroom experiences and helped discipline the mind, body, and behaviors. Adult mentors, like the heroes studied in the classroom, provided models to emulate and became the tangible expression of the ideal Spaniard and Soviet. The Basque and Spanish children thus were transformed into hybrid Hispano-Soviets fully engaged with their native language, culture, and traditions while also imbued with Russian language and culture and Soviet ideals of hard work, comradery, internationalism, and sacrifice for ideals and others. Even during their horrific evacuation to the Soviet interior during World War II, the twenty-two Soviet boarding schools designed specifically for the Spanish refugee children – and better provisioned than those for Soviet children – served these displaced niños for fourteen years and transformed them into Red Army heroes, award-winning Soviet athletes and artists, successful educators and workers, and aids to Fidel Castro in building Cuba after his revolution. Stalin’s Niños also sheds new light on the education of non-Russian Soviet and international students and the process of constructing a supranational Soviet identity.

项目总数
4
创作者
Qualls, Karl D.
创建日期
2020
Language
English

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