Molluscan veliger larvae possess a neuronal system that modulates their locomotive
behaviors. These neurons emanate from the central nervous system and innervate the velum, a
ciliated larval swimming and feeding organ. Velar...
Previous research has suggested the dopamine subtype-1 (D1) receptor system has a role in extinction of a conditioned response. However, the precise role of the D 1 receptor system in different memory processes (i.e.,...
Metamorphosis is the phenomenon of irreversible transformation from one life history stage to another. A number of fundamental changes occur during this process, which are mediated by complex signal transduction mechanisms....
Central chemoreceptors are cells in the brain that regulate breathing through projections to respiratory control nuclei such as the ventral respiratory column (Guyenet et al., 2008). These cells have been found along the...